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?? ?? ???? ?????? (????) ??? ??????. L.A.? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ???? LA ??? ??????.| ?????? ? City of Los Angeles | |||||
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| ?? |  ?????? | ||||
| ?? ?? | ??????? | ||||
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| ?? | 1781? 9? 4? | ||||
| ?? | |||||
| ?? | 1,299.01 km2 | ||||
| ??? | PST (UTC-08) | ||||
| ?? | |||||
| ?? | 3,928,864?(2014?) | ||||
| ?? ?? | 3,198?/km2 | ||||
| ?? ?? | 12,828,837? | ||||
| ?? ?? | |||||
| ???? | 6-44000 | ||||
| ???? | lacity.org | ||||
??????(??: Los Angeles, ????: Los ángeles ??????[*] [Los ?a?xeles], ???: ?????)? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????, ???? 1,299.01km2??.[1] 2010? ?? ????? ???? 3,792,621 ?? ??[2] ? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??????? ? 1,800? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ? ????? ???? ? ??? ??,[3] ???? ?? ? ???? ? ? ???.[4] ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ? ? ?? ???????? ???????.[5] ???????? ?? ???? ?????(Angelenos)?? ???? ??.[6]
??????? 1781? 9? 4? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????.[7] 1821? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????.[8] ?? 1848? ???-?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????.[9] ??????? 1850? 4? 4? ?????? ????, 5? ? ????? ?? ??? ????.[10]
??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ??, ??????, ??, ???, ??, ??, ???, ??, ??? ?? ???, ?? ?? ?? 6?, ?? ?? ?? ?? 13?? ???. ???? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? ????? ???? ??, ??? ??, ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???, ?? ?? ???? ?? ????.[11] 1932?? 1984?? ?? ???? ??? ????, 2028??? ?? ???? ??? ????.
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?????? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??(?? ???????)? ???? ???? ???. ??????? ? ??? "???? ?? ??"??? ???? iyáang?(????? ???? ??)?? ???.[12][13]
???? ?? ??? ????? ????? 1542? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????.[14] ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? 1769? 8? 2? ??? ?????? ??? ????.[15]
1771? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ???, ? ??? ???? ??? ??.[16] 1781? 9? 4?, 44??? ???? ??? ??? "?? ??????"? ? ??? ???? ????, ????? ??? "? ???? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ???? ? ??????"?? ????, ??? "?????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??"??? ???. ??? ??? ?? ???? ????.[17] ???? 3?? 2? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????.[18] ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????, 1820? ???? ? 650??? ????.[19] ?? ? ? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ? ???, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????.[20]
??????? ???? ???? ? ??? 1821? ??? ?????? ????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????. ???-?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ????, 1847? 1? 13? ???????? ??? ???.[21] ???? ? ???? 1848? 2? 2? ????-??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????.[22]
1876? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????.[23] 1892??? 1923???? ??? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? 4?? 1? ???? ???, ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ????? ???? ? ???.[24]
1900? ??? 102,000? ? ???? ???,[25] ??? ?? ??? ??? ???.[26] 1913? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? 375km? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? "?? ??? ?????(There it is. Take it)."?? ? ?? ??? ???. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????, ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[27][28]
1910? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? 10?? ?? ??? ???? ???. 1921? L.A.? ?? ?? ??? 80% ??? ????.[29] ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???.[30] 1930? ??? ??? 100? ?? ???.[31] 1932??? ?? ???? ????.
?2? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????.[32] ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? 1961??? ??? ????.[33]?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????. 1969? ??????? ???? ??? ? ? ???, ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????.[34]
1984?? ??????? 1984? ?? ???? ????. ?? ???? 14? ??? ????? ???? 1984? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ???.[35] ?? ????? ??? ???, 1932? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????.[36]
1992? 4? 29??? ???? ??? ???? ????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? LA ??? ????.[37] 1994? ?? 6.7? ???? ???? 125? ??? ????? 72?? ???.[38] ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????.[39] 2002? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????, ????.[40]
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??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? 502.7 ?? ??(1,302km2)??, ?? ??? 468.7 ?? ??(1,214km2), ?? ??? 34.0 ?? ?? (88km2)?? ??????.[41] ??? ?? 44??(71 km), ?? 29??(47Km)? ????. ??? ? ??? 342??(550Km)??.
??????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????, 5,074 ?? (1,547 m)??.[42][43] ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??. ???????? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????, ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ????? ?? ??? ?????.
?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????, L.A. ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ???? ????? 51??? ?? ??? ??? ??.[44] ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ? ?? ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??, ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ???.
?????? ??? ??, ??, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??. ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ? ??.[45] ? ?? ?? ??? ???, ???? ??, ???, ??????, ??????? ?? ??. ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ????. ? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??(????? ???)??,[46] ??? ??????.[47] ??????, ???????, ????????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????.
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[??]??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ?? 10,000?? ??? ????.[48] ?? ?? ? ??? ? ????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ?????? ? ??? ??? ???? ??????.[49] ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? 1994? ???? ??? ??? 1987? ?????? ??, 1971? ?????? ??, 1993? ??? ??? ??. ??? ?? ???? ???, ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???.[48] ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??.[50] ?? ?? ??? ???? ????, 1960? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.[51]
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??????? ???-???? ?? (??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? Csb, ?? ??? Csa? ??)? ?? ??, ????? ???? ??? ??? BSh ?? BSk (?? ??)? ???? ???. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ?? 35????.[52]
????? ?? ??? 66 °F (19 °C)??, ??? 75 °F (24 °C), ??? 57 °F (14 °C)??. ?? ?? ?? 1???, ??? 59?? 73 °F (15?? 23 °C), ??? 45?? 55 °F (7?? 13 °C) ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?? 8??, ??? 79?? 90 °F (26?? 32 °C), ??? 64 °F (18 °C) ??? ??? ????. 4?, 5?, 6?, 11?? ?? ? ??? 90 °F (32 °C)? ?? ?? ?? ????, 7?, 8?, 10?? 3?, 9?? 5???.[52] ??? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? 30 °F (17 °C)? ?? ??? ??.[53] ??? ??? ?? ? 1??? 58 °F (14 °C)?? 63 °F (17 °C)??, 8??? 68 °F (20 °C)??.[54] ????? 1?? ? 3,000?? ????, 12?? ?? ????? 7??, 7?? ?? ????? 12????.[55]
? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???, ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ??? 7?? ???? ????? 75 °F (24 °C)?? ?? ??? ??? 95 °F (35 °C)??.[56] ??????? ??? ??? ??? "June Gloom"??? ??? ??, ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??.[57]
???? ??????? ?? ????? 384.6 mm??. ?? ???? ?(?? 11?, 4?)? ?? ???. ????? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? 410mm?? 510mm??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ???. ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? 1932? ?? 2??(5cm)??.[58] ???? ????????? ?? ??? 2010? 9? 27? ??? 113 °F (45 °C)??,[59] ?? ??? ??? 1944? 12? 22? ??? 24 °F (?4 °C)??.
| ?????? (???? ??????)? ?? | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ? | 1? | 2? | 3? | 4? | 5? | 6? | 7? | 8? | 9? | 10? | 11? | 12? | ?? |
| ?? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 35 (95) |
35 (95) |
37 (99) |
41 (106) |
39 (103) |
44 (112) |
43 (109) |
41 (106) |
45 (113) |
42 (108) |
38 (100) |
33 (92) |
45 (113) |
| ??? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.1 (69.9) |
22.4 (72.4) |
23.2 (73.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.3 (83.0) |
25.9 (78.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
19.7 (67.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
| ?? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.2 (61.1) |
17.6 (63.6) |
18.8 (65.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
22.9 (73.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.3 (57.8) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| ??? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
11.3 (52.4) |
12.7 (54.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.3 (61.4) |
18.2 (64.7) |
18.6 (65.4) |
17.9 (64.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
| ?? ?? ?? °C (°F) | ?2 (28) |
?2 (28) |
?1 (31) |
2 (36) |
4 (40) |
8 (46) |
9 (49) |
9 (49) |
7 (44) |
4 (40) |
1 (34) |
?1 (30) |
?2 (28) |
| ?? ??? mm (??) | 84 (3.29) |
92 (3.64) |
57 (2.23) |
18 (0.69) |
8.1 (0.32) |
2.3 (0.09) |
0.51 (0.02) |
0.00 (0.00) |
3.3 (0.13) |
15 (0.58) |
20 (0.78) |
63 (2.48) |
362 (14.25) |
| ?? ???? (≥ 0.01 ??) | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 5.5 | 34.1 |
| ?? ?? ???? | 225.3 | 222.5 | 267.0 | 303.5 | 276.2 | 275.8 | 364.1 | 349.5 | 278.5 | 255.1 | 217.3 | 219.4 | 3,254.2 |
| ?? ??? | 71 | 72 | 72 | 78 | 64 | 64 | 83 | 84 | 75 | 73 | 70 | 71 | 73 |
| ??: ?? ????? (???: 1991?~2020?, ??: 1877?~??, ??: 1961?~1977?)[60][61][62][63] | |||||||||||||
| ?????? ????? ?? | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ? | 1? | 2? | 3? | 4? | 5? | 6? | 7? | 8? | 9? | 10? | 11? | 12? | ?? |
| ?? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 33 (91) |
33 (92) |
35 (95) |
39 (102) |
36 (97) |
40 (104) |
36 (97) |
37 (98) |
43 (110) |
41 (106) |
38 (101) |
34 (94) |
43 (110) |
| ??? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.3) |
18.7 (65.6) |
18.9 (66.1) |
20.1 (68.1) |
20.8 (69.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.9 (75.1) |
24.8 (76.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
23.6 (74.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.9 (66.1) |
21.4 (70.6) |
| ?? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
15.1 (59.1) |
16.2 (61.1) |
17.6 (63.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.2 (70.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.8 (62.3) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.6 (63.6) |
| ??? ?? ?? °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.4) |
10.1 (50.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
12.3 (54.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.1 (60.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
15.4 (59.8) |
12.1 (53.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.7 (56.6) |
| ?? ?? ?? °C (°F) | ?3 (27) |
1 (34) |
2 (35) |
6 (42) |
7 (45) |
9 (48) |
11 (52) |
11 (51) |
8 (47) |
6 (43) |
3 (38) |
0 (32) |
?3 (27) |
| ?? ??? mm (??) | 73 (2.86) |
76 (2.99) |
44 (1.73) |
15 (0.60) |
7.1 (0.28) |
2.0 (0.08) |
1.0 (0.04) |
0.00 (0.00) |
2.8 (0.11) |
12 (0.49) |
21 (0.82) |
57 (2.23) |
311 (12.23) |
| ?? ???? (≥ 0.01 ??) | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 34.5 |
| ?? ?? ?? (%) | 63.4 | 67.9 | 70.5 | 71.0 | 74.0 | 75.9 | 76.6 | 76.6 | 74.2 | 70.5 | 65.5 | 62.9 | 70.8 |
| ??: ?? ????? (???: 1991?~2020?, ??: 1944?~??, ????: 1961?~1990?)[60][64][65][66] | |||||||||||||
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??????? ????? ???? ??, ????? ???? ??, ????? ????? ?????? ??, ????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ?? ? ?? ????? ??? ????.[67]
??? 80?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????.[68] ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????.[69] ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??: ???? ??????, ??? ??????, ????? ??????, ??? ??????, ?? ??, ???? ????, ??, ??????, ?????, ??????.
??????? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????: ??? ???, ??, ????? ??, ??? ??, ???, ???? ?????????, ????, ?????, ?????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????, ???, ??????, ?? ???, ????????, ?????, ?????, ????.
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??????? ?? "?? ??? ??"?? ???.[70] USC????????? ??? "??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ???, ??, ?? ???, ??, ??, ???? ??? ???? ???? ??"? ??.[71]
??????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???. ????? ??????? USC ??????? ?? ???, ???? ?? ??? ?? ????.[72]
????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. USC????????? ??? ?? 1,100? ??? ??? ????? ?? 21?? ??? ??????.[71] ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ???, ?? 130? ? ??? ????.[73] ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. ???????, ?? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ??? USC ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????.
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[??]????????? 841?? ?? ???? ??????.[74] ??? ??????? ??? ? ?? ???? 1?? ??? ?? ??.[74] ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ????????????,[75] ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? J. ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??,[76] ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ????.[77]
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? ??? ???? ?? ????? 《?????? ???》??. La Opinión? ?????? ?? ????, 《?? ????》?? ???? 《The Korea Daily》? 《??? ???》? ????? ?? ??????. ??? 《?????? ???》? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??????? ??? ???? 《????? ???? ???》? L.A.? ?? ????? ????.
?????? ??? ????? ???? 《?????? ??? ??》, 《LA ???》, 《?????? ????》, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? 《L.A. ???》, 《?????? ???》, 《?????? ???? ??》, ?? ??? ??? ?? 《?????? ??? ??》, 《? ???? ???》, ?????? ?? ?? ?? 《?????》, 《?????? ???? ??》? ? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???, ?????. ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????, ??, ???, ????, ???, ???, ????, ???, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??????? ???? 《??? ???》, 《? ??? ???-????》? ?? ?? ???.
??????? ??? ?? ?? VHF? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????.[78] ??????? ? ?? PBS ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? TV? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??. KTBN-TV 40? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????.
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[??]??????? ???? ?? ??????? NFL ?????? ??? ?????? ???, MLB ?????? ???? ?????? ????, NBA ?????? ????? ?????? ????, NHL ?????? ??, MLS ?????? ???, WNBA ?????? ???? ?? ??.
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[??]| ???? | ?? | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1850? | 1,610 | — | |
| 1860? | 4,385 | 172.4% | |
| 1870? | 5,728 | 30.6% | |
| 1880? | 11,183 | 95.2% | |
| 1890? | 50,395 | 350.6% | |
| 1900? | 102,479 | 103.4% | |
| 1910? | 319,198 | 211.5% | |
| 1920? | 576,673 | 80.7% | |
| 1930? | 1,238,048 | 114.7% | |
| 1940? | 1,504,277 | 21.5% | |
| 1950? | 1,970,358 | 31.0% | |
| 1960? | 2,479,015 | 25.8% | |
| 1970? | 2,811,801 | 13.4% | |
| 1980? | 2,968,528 | 5.6% | |
| 1990? | 3,485,398 | 17.4% | |
| 2000? | 3,694,820 | 6.0% | |
| 2010? | 3,792,621 | 2.6% | |
| 2019 (??) | 3,979,576 | [79] | 4.9% |
U.S. Decennial Census[80] | |||
2000??? 3,694,820?????, 2006??? ? 3,849,478??? ????. 2005–2007? ?? ???? ??? ???, ??? ?????? ??? 48.7% ??, ??? 9.9%, ???? 0.5%, ???? ???? 10.6%???. ??? ?????? ??? ??? 48.5%? ????. ? 380? ?? ??? ‘????’?? ? 25? ?? ???. ?????? ????? ???? 10? ?? ???? ??. ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???.[81]
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??????? ??? ????, ?????? (????, ??, ?????, ????), ???? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??? ?? ??? ??. ? ???? ?? ? ??????.[82] ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?? ????. ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????.[82] ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??, ??, ??, ?, ??, ??? ??.
??????-???-???? ??? ?? ??(MSA)? ??????(GMP)? 7,357? ??(2010? ??)?,[83] ??-???-????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ????.[84] ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?? 15???.[85] ??? ??????? ?? ??? 2010? ??? ??? ??? ??????? "?? ????"? ?????.[86]
?? 500 ??? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??. ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ?? ?, ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ????, ?? ????? AECOM, ??? ?? CBRE ??, ??? ???????. ? ?? ????? ?? ??, ??? ?? ????, ????? ???, ??? ?? ???, deviantART, ?? ?????? ??, ??, ?? ? ? ? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??.
?? ????? ??? (USC)? ?? 40? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??.[87]
2010? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? 2009? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? 10??? ???????, ????? ??? ??????, ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ????, ??? ????, ?? ?????? ??, ??? ????? ??, ??, ??? ???? ?????.[88]
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[??]??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? 2005? ?? 1? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????.[89] ??? ??? ??????? ?? 1? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? 72????, ?? ?? 60??? ??? ??????, ????, ??? D.C., ????? ?? ???? ????.[90] ??? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?????, ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??????? ?? ?? ??? 26.2??? ??????, ??? D.C.? ??? ????.[91]
??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????, ????? ?????, ????, ???, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?5??, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?10?? ?? ??. ? ????? ????, ??????, ????? ?????, ????, ????? ???? ?? ?101??? ??.
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?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??. 2011? 9? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? 3,880? ??? ?????. ?? 3,050? ?? ?? ????????,[92] ??? ???????? ? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ? ?? ???? 820? ???.[92] 2005? ??????? ??? 10.2%? ????? ????? ?????.[93] ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? (Los Angeles County Metro Transit Authority, LACMTA)?.
?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ????? ? ??? ??.[94] ????? ?? ??? ???, ???, ???, ???, ??, ????? ??. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??, ??? ???? ??? ??????.
?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??. ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????.
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?? ????? ?????? ???? (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX)? ??. ?????? ????? 2006? 6,100? ?? ???? 200? ? ??? ?? ??? ???, ???? 6??? ????. ???? 3??? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???. ? ????? ??? ?? ????.[95]
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[??]- ↑ “City of Los Angeles”. laalmanac.com. 2024? 6? 3?? ???.
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Founded on the site of a Gabrielino Indian village called Yang-na, or more accurately iyáang?, "poison-oak place."
- ↑ Ron Sullivan (2002? 12? 7?). “Roots of native names”.
Los Angeles itself was built over a Gabrielino village called Yangna or iyaanga', "poison oak place."
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- ↑ Poole, Matthew R. (2010? 9? 22?). 《Frommer's Los Angeles 2011》. John Wiley & Sons. 22?. ISBN 978-0-470-62619-1. 2011? 10? 5?? ???.
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- ↑ Pool, Bob; Lin II, Rong-Gong (2010? 9? 27?). “L.A.'s hottest day ever”. 《Los Angeles Times》. 2011? 10? 5?? ???.
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- ↑ “Station Name: CA LOS ANGELES DWTN USC CAMPUS”. ?? ?????. 2020? 7? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “LOS ANGELES/WBO CA Climate Normals”. ?? ?????. 2013? 10? 20?? ???.
- ↑ “Station Name: CA LOS ANGELES INTL AP”. ?? ?????. 2014? 5? 9?? ???.
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- ↑ “So… do I actually live in L.A.?”. Time Out.
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- ↑ Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (1999). 《New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's global cities》. U of Minnesota Press. 66?. ISBN 978-0-8166-3336-4. 2011? 10? 2?? ???.
- ↑ “Is Los Angeles really the creative capital of the world? Report says yes”. SmartPlanet. 2009? 11? 19?. 2014? 4? 9?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 14?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? “Only In LA: Tapping L.A. Innovation”. USC Stevens Institute. 2011? 10? 2?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 14?? ???.
- ↑ Waxman, Sharon (2006? 1? 31?). “At U.S.C., a Practical Emphasis in Film”. New York Times. 2011? 10? 14?? ???.
- ↑ “Explore the Center”. Music Center of Los Angeles County. 2011? 10? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 14?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? “The Los Angeles Region”. Loyola Marymount University. 2008? 5? 5?. 2011? 10? 18?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 20?? ???.
- ↑ “Overview”. LACMA. 2011? 10? 20?? ???.
- ↑ Boehm, Mike (2009? 3? 16?). “Getty slashes operating budget after severe investment losses”. 《Los Angeles Times》. 2011? 10? 20?? ???.
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- ↑ “Allocation”. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. 2013? 8? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 20?? ???.
- ↑ “Population and Housing Unit Estimates”. 2020? 5? 21?? ???.
- ↑ “Census of Population and Housing”. Census.gov. 2016? 6? 4?? ???.
- ↑ ?? ?? <???> 2009? 11? 12??. ??? (2009? 11? 27?). “???? ?? ????? ??”. 《???21》 (??????). 2010? 2? 13?? ???.?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? “Los Angeles: Economy”. City-data.com. 2011? 10? 7?? ???.
- ↑ “Gross Metropolitan Product”. Greyhill Advisors. 2011? 10? 9?? ???.
- ↑ “The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005”. citymayors.com. 2007? 3? 11?. 2011? 10? 20?? ???.
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- ↑ “The World According to GaWC 2010”. 《Globalization and World Cities Research Network》. GaWC Loughborough University. 2012? 5? 24?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 2?? ???.
- ↑ George, Evan (2006? 12? 11?). “Trojan Dollars: Study Finds USC Worth $4 Billion Annually to L.A. County”. 《Los Angeles Downtown News》. 2009? 4? 30?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 9? 23?? ???.
- ↑ “City of Los Angeles CAFR” (PDF). 332 (367)?. 2011? 10? 14?? ???.
- ↑ Woolsey, Matt (2008? 4? 25?). “Best And Worst Cities For Commuters”. 《???》. 2011? 10? 24?? ???.
- ↑ Woolsey, Matt. “In Depth: 10 Worst Cities For Commuters”. Forbes Magazine. 2011? 10? 24?? ???.
- ↑ “American Community Survey 2006, Table S0802”. U.S. Census Bureau. 2008? 9? 16?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 7? 14?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? “Ridership Statistics”. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2011? 11? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 24?? ???.
- ↑ Christie, Les (2007? 6? 29?). “New Yorkers are Top Transit Users”. Cable News Network. 2011? 10? 24?? ???.
- ↑ “Public Transit Ridership Report” (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. First Quarter 2011. 2011? 10? 24?? ???.
- ↑ “United Airlines – Vacation Planning at United.com: Visit Los Angeles”. United.com. 2011? 9? 27?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 25?? ???.
- ↑ “Van Nuys Airport General Description”. Los Angeles World Airports. 2011? 10? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2011? 10? 25?? ???.
- ↑ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ??." 2008? 3? 26?.
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